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- How code-names are assigned (and some Air Force leaks)
- ______________________________________________________
- by Paul McGinnis, January 1, 1995
-
- We tend to use code-names such as SENIOR CITIZEN or MERIDIAN without
- understanding how these are assigned. I've done some research on this and
- here's what I've found. (Please note that this information refers to how
- the Department of Defense does things. It does not include how code-names
- are assigned by the Department of Energy or the CIA.) One source that's
- reasonably available is Title 32, Code of Federal Regulations, Appendix C
- (to Section 159a). Look in your library for the grey volumes dated 7-1-94.
- Based on that source and others, I've found that they are assigned by the
- Joint Chiefs of Staff. There are actually 3 types of code-names, which are:
-
- (1) Classified single word codewords. I had wondered why the Air Force
- replaced some codewords with euphemisms like "advanced program evaluation".
- Here's some examples of what I mean:
-
- Old name -----> New name (same PE #)
- ________ ________ ___________
- CENTENNIAL "applied technology and integration" 0305142F
- OMEGA "advanced program evaluation" 0207591F
- BERNIE "combined advanced applications" 0305172F
-
- This has occurred with current programs, but the older historical codewords
- haven't yet been revised.
-
- Apparently, the Air Force has screwed up for a few years and mistakenly
- listed single word codewords in budget documents. That means that the
- following codewords I've found in USAF budget documents since 1980 are quite
- sensitive:
-
- * AURORA (this was definitely a slip up! Classified funding for the B-2, no
- Program Element number listed)
- * OMEGA (PE 0207591F -- some kind of tactical program, possibly an aircraft).
- * CENTENNIAL (PE 0305142F -- intelligence program)
- * CAVALRY (PE 0305185F -- intelligence program)
- * GENTRY (PE 0101816F -- the 0101xxxF program number puts it in the category
- of offensive strategic programs. (Ah, the nuclear glory days of a decade
- ago...))
- * LEO (PE 0102822F -- Reagan-era strategic intelligence program for the
- nuclear war planners)
- * MERIDIAN (PE 0603105F -- strategic nuclear program)
- * OLYMPIC (PE 0603111F -- another nuclear program)
- * BERNIE (PE 0305172F -- yet another intelligence program)
-
- None of the codewords I mentioned are abbreviations, i.e., the LEO program is
- not "Low Earth Orbit".
-
- Also, I'm aware that NSA uses 5-letter codewords for sensitive SIGINT
- programs, such as DINAR. Another example of a leak involving a codeword
- is when the Navy released some material to me that indicated they had
- censored data on a project with the codeword INFRARED (part of the new
- ship self defense program).
-
- (2) Unclassified 2 word nicknames, such as SENIOR TREND or COPPER CANYON
- (a USAF hypersonic research program). Of particular interest is the
- following (found in the reference listed above): "A combination of two
- separate words, which is assigned an unclassified meaning and is employed
- only for unclassified administrative, morale, or public information
- purposes...A nickname is not designed to achieve a security objective."
-
- (3) Exercise terms, such as "Red Flag" used for training at Nellis AFB.
- None of these are single word terms.
-
- The guide lines for choosing 2 word nicknames, such as SENIOR RUBY (a U-2
- SIGINT program) are interesting -- among the words of wisdom are:
- "A nickname must be chosen with sufficient care to ensure that it does not:
- (a) Express a degree of bellicosity inconsistent with traditional American
- ideals or current foreign policy.
- (b) Convey connotations offensive to good taste or derogatory to a particular
- group, sect, or creed.
- (c) Convey connotations offensive to our allies or other Free World nations."
-
- So, I guess MAGNUM DEATH, HAVE PENIS, and SUSHI SUPRISE are out...
-
- On another subject - as far as Groom Lake goes -- here's something to ponder:
- We know that Groom was used for the U-2 in the 1950s, the SR-71 in the
- early 1960s, and various Stealth stuff in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
- What was Groom used for in the late 1960s and early 1970s? In some research
- I've been doing with Department of Energy material, I'm picking up hints
- that Groom Lake was used for unknown classified experiments conducted
- by Los Alamos National Laboratory, during that period. This is interesting,
- because LANL doesn't do much with nuclear weapons design (which is usually
- handled by Sandia National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National
- Laboratory.)
-
- Paul McGinnis / TRADER@cup.portal.com / PaulMcG@aol.com
- http://www.portal.com/~trader/secrecy.html
-
- **********************************************************************
-
- Anonymous FTP access to files dealing with excessive military secrecy
- is available from Internet host ftp.shell.portal.com (IP address
- 156.151.3.4) in the /pub/trader directory. Read the 00readme files for
- descriptions of the files.
-